A spotlight on mould

Mould is one of the last things you want to find on records, but it can occur in any collection. Poor ventilation, high humidity or weather events can all contribute. This article covers how to identify mould and manage small outbreaks. Please note that major infestations, flood damage or significant item deterioration require professional remediation.

What is mould?

Mould refers to various fungi that grow on materials such as paper, fabric, leather and food. Poorly ventilated areas with relative humidity above 65% are at high risk.

What to do with mould‑affected records

For small, isolated outbreaks:

• Isolate affected items in sealed plastic bags or airtight tubs. Move them to a dry, ventilated area for assessment.
• Protect yourself. Mould poses health risks, particularly for people with allergies, respiratory issues or compromised immunity. Wear PPE - preferably a P2 or P3 respirator and nitrile gloves.
• Seek help if more than a few items are involved. Consult a mould remediation specialist.

To clean minor mould, follow the MHNSW Conservation Tip 5: Removing Mould fact sheet.

Typical treatment steps include:

Can treated records be transferred to MHNSW?

Yes. Records required as State archives can be transferred once treatment is complete. Note any mould remediation in your transfer request.

Preventing mould from returning

• Clean affected areas and shelving with an alcohol-water solution.
• Ensure storage conditions have improved before returning records.
• Maintain a stable, cool, dry environment.
• Avoid overcrowding shelves - allow airflow.
• Keep records away from external walls where moisture can accumulate.
• Inspect storage areas regularly.

Need assistance?

For help identifying mould, email photos to transfer@mhnsw.auand the Agency Services team will advise.

Additional resources:

• Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Materials (AICCM) factsheets: Mould
• SafeWork NSW guidance on safe handling: Mould